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POSTFIX(1) General Commands Manual POSTFIX(1)

NAME

postfix - Postfix control program

SYNOPSIS



postfix [-Dv] [-c config_dir]
    command






DESCRIPTION




This command is reserved for the superuser. To submit mail, use
    the Postfix sendmail(1) command.


The postfix(1) command controls the operation of the
    Postfix mail system: start or stop the master(8) daemon, do a health
    check, and other maintenance.


By default, the postfix(1) command sets up a standardized
    environment and runs the postfix-script shell script to do the actual
    work.


However, when support for multiple Postfix instances is
    configured, postfix(1) executes the command specified with the
    multi_instance_wrapper configuration parameter. This command will
    execute the command for each applicable Postfix instance.


The following commands are implemented:



  

  
Warn about bad directory/file ownership or permissions, and create missing
      directories.

  

  
Start the Postfix mail system. This also runs the configuration check
      described above.

  

  
Stop the Postfix mail system in an orderly fashion. If possible, running
      processes are allowed to terminate at their earliest convenience.
    
Note: in order to refresh the Postfix mail system after a
        configuration change, do not use the start and stop
        commands in succession. Use the reload command instead.

  

  

  
Stop the Postfix mail system abruptly. Running processes are signaled to
      stop immediately.

  

  
Force delivery: attempt to deliver every message in the deferred mail
      queue. Normally, attempts to deliver delayed mail happen at regular
      intervals, the interval doubling after each failed attempt.
    
Warning: flushing undeliverable mail frequently will result in
        poor delivery performance of all other mail.

  

  

  
Re-read configuration files. Running processes terminate at their earliest
      convenience.

  

  
Indicate if the Postfix mail system is currently running.

  

  
Set the ownership and permissions of Postfix related files and
      directories, as specified in the postfix-files file.
    
Specify name=value to override and update
        specific main.cf configuration parameters. Use this, for example, to
        change the mail_owner or setgid_group setting for an
        already installed Postfix system.

    
This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With
        Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use "$config_directory/post-install
        set-permissions".

  

  

  
Update the main.cf and master.cf files with information that
      Postfix needs in order to run: add or update services, and add or update
      configuration parameter settings.
    
Specify name=value to override and update
        specific main.cf configuration parameters.

    
This feature is available in Postfix 2.1 and later. With
        Postfix 2.0 and earlier, use "$config_directory/post-install
        upgrade-configuration".

  




The following options are implemented:



  

  
Read the main.cf and master.cf configuration files in the
      named directory instead of the default configuration directory. Use this
      to distinguish between multiple Postfix instances on the same host.
    
With Postfix 2.6 and later, this option forces the postfix(1)
        command to operate on the specified Postfix instance only. This behavior
        is inherited by postfix(1) commands that run as a descendant of the
        current process.

  

  

  
Run each Postfix daemon under control of a debugger as specified via the
      debugger_command configuration parameter.

  

  
Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. Multiple -v options
      make the software increasingly verbose.








ENVIRONMENT




The postfix(1) command exports the following environment
    variables before executing the postfix-script file:



  

  
This is set when the -c command-line option is present.
    
With Postfix 2.6 and later, this environment variable forces
        the postfix(1) command to operate on the specified Postfix instance
        only. This behavior is inherited by postfix(1) commands that run as a
        descendant of the current process.

  

  

  
This is set when the -v command-line option is present.

  

  
This is set when the -D command-line option is present.








CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS




The following main.cf configuration parameters are exported
    as environment variables with the same names:



  

  
The location of all postfix administrative commands.

  

  
The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

  

  
The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration
      files.

  

  
The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

  

  
The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most Postfix
      daemon processes.

  

  
The group ownership of set-gid Postfix commands and of group-writable
      Postfix directories.

  

  
A Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of the
      Postfix sendmail(1) command.

  

  
Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies the location of the
      newaliases(1) command.

  

  
Sendmail compatibility feature that specifies where the Postfix
      mailq(1) command is installed.

  

  
The location of Postfix HTML files that describe how to build, configure
      or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature.

  

  
Where the Postfix manual pages are installed.

  

  
The location of Postfix README files that describe how to build, configure
      or operate a specific Postfix subsystem or feature.




Available in Postfix version 2.5 and later:



  

  
The directory with Postfix-writable data files (for example: caches,
      pseudo-random numbers).




Other configuration parameters:



  

  
The default location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf configuration
      files.

  

  
The list of environment parameters that a Postfix process will import from
      a non-Postfix parent process.

  

  
The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

  

  
The mail system name that is prepended to the process name in syslog
      records, so that "smtpd" becomes, for example,
      "postfix/smtpd".




Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later:



  

  
An optional list of non-default Postfix configuration directories; these
      directories belong to additional Postfix instances that share the Postfix
      executable files and documentation with the default Postfix instance, and
      that are started, stopped, etc., together with the default Postfix
      instance.

  

  
The pathname of a multi-instance manager command that the
      postfix(1) command invokes when the multi_instance_directories
      parameter value is non-empty.

  

  
The optional instance group name of this Postfix instance.

  

  
The optional instance name of this Postfix instance.

  

  
Allow this Postfix instance to be started, stopped, etc., by a
      multi-instance manager.








FILES




Prior to Postfix version 2.6, all of the following files were in
    $config_directory. Some files are now in $daemon_directory so
    that they can be shared among multiple instances that run the same Postfix
    version.


Use the command "postconf config_directory" or
    "postconf daemon_directory" to expand the names into their
    actual values.


$config_directory/main.cf, Postfix configuration parameters
$config_directory/master.cf, Postfix daemon processes
$daemon_directory/postfix-files, file/directory permissions
$daemon_directory/postfix-script, administrative commands
$daemon_directory/post-install, post-installation configuration






SEE ALSO


Commands:
postalias(1), create/update/query alias database
postcat(1), examine Postfix queue file
postconf(1), Postfix configuration utility
postfix(1), Postfix control program
postkick(1), trigger Postfix daemon
postlock(1), Postfix-compatible locking
postlog(1), Postfix-compatible logging
postmap(1), Postfix lookup table manager
postmulti(1), Postfix multi-instance manager
postqueue(1), Postfix mail queue control
postsuper(1), Postfix housekeeping
mailq(1), Sendmail compatibility interface
newaliases(1), Sendmail compatibility interface
sendmail(1), Sendmail compatibility interface
Postfix configuration:
bounce(5), Postfix bounce message templates
master(5), Postfix master.cf file syntax
postconf(5), Postfix main.cf file syntax
postfix-wrapper(5), Postfix multi-instance API
Table-driven mechanisms:
access(5), Postfix SMTP access control table
aliases(5), Postfix alias database
canonical(5), Postfix input address rewriting
generic(5), Postfix output address rewriting
header_checks(5), body_checks(5), Postfix content inspection
relocated(5), Users that have moved
transport(5), Postfix routing table
virtual(5), Postfix virtual aliasing
Table lookup mechanisms:
cidr_table(5), Associate CIDR pattern with value
ldap_table(5), Postfix LDAP client
mysql_table(5), Postfix MYSQL client
nisplus_table(5), Postfix NIS+ client
pcre_table(5), Associate PCRE pattern with value
pgsql_table(5), Postfix PostgreSQL client
regexp_table(5), Associate POSIX regexp pattern with value
tcp_table(5), Postfix client-server table lookup
Daemon processes:
anvil(8), Postfix connection/rate limiting
bounce(8), defer(8), trace(8), Delivery status reports
cleanup(8), canonicalize and enqueue message
discard(8), Postfix discard delivery agent
error(8), Postfix error delivery agent
flush(8), Postfix fast ETRN service
local(8), Postfix local delivery agent
master(8), Postfix master daemon
oqmgr(8), old Postfix queue manager
pickup(8), Postfix local mail pickup
pipe(8), deliver mail to non-Postfix command
proxymap(8), Postfix lookup table proxy server
qmgr(8), Postfix queue manager
qmqpd(8), Postfix QMQP server
scache(8), Postfix connection cache manager
showq(8), list Postfix mail queue
smtp(8), lmtp(8), Postfix SMTP+LMTP client
smtpd(8), Postfix SMTP server
spawn(8), run non-Postfix server
tlsmgr(8), Postfix TLS cache and randomness manager
trivial-rewrite(8), Postfix address rewriting
verify(8), Postfix address verification
virtual(8), Postfix virtual delivery agent
Other:
syslogd(8), system logging






README FILES




Use "postconf readme_directory" or
    "postconf html_directory" to locate this information.


OVERVIEW, overview of Postfix commands and processes
BASIC_CONFIGURATION_README, Postfix basic configuration
ADDRESS_REWRITING_README, Postfix address rewriting
SMTPD_ACCESS_README, SMTP relay/access control
CONTENT_INSPECTION_README, Postfix content inspection
QSHAPE_README, Postfix queue analysis






LICENSE




The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this
  software.






AUTHOR(S)


Wietse Venema
IBM T.J. Watson Research
P.O. Box 704
Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA
TLS support by:
Lutz Jaenicke
Brandenburg University of Technology
Cottbus, Germany
Victor Duchovni
Morgan Stanley
SASL support originally by:
Till Franke
SuSE Rhein/Main AG
65760 Eschborn, Germany
LMTP support originally by:
Philip A. Prindeville
Mirapoint, Inc.
USA.
Amos Gouaux
University of Texas at Dallas
P.O. Box 830688, MC34
Richardson, TX 75083, USA
IPv6 support originally by:
Mark Huizer, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands
Jun-ichiro 'itojun' Hagino, KAME project, Japan
The Linux PLD project
Dean Strik, Eindhoven University, The Netherlands